An Excellent Compilation of Software Testing Concepts (Manual Testing) By Narsi Reddy Published. USER User ID & Password LOGIN DB Invalid Valid NEXT PAGE LLD of a Login Screen. During this test, the team concentrates on user-friendliness of the software. The Altera USB Blaster. Then connect the P2 connector of the BRD-MBBA-1 to the P3 connector of the BRD-PCIem-15-IO board: refer to Figure 2 to locate the P3 connector pin 1 on the board, and be sure it is connected to the BRD-MBBA-1 P2 connector pin 1. Figure 2: P3 connector location and pin 1. Software Testing 4 Given below are some of the most common myths about software testing. Myth 1: Testing is Too Expensive Reality: There is a saying, pay less for testing during software development or pay more for maintenance or correction later.
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We followed a comprehensive guide to manual testing. Silhouette cameo user manual and cd. Starting with the basic concepts of manual testing, skimming through the stages and approaches of manual software testing, we finally landed on the software testing process. Manual testing does not mean that the software testers cannot use any tool to facilitate the testing process.
What is Static Testing?
Static Testing is defined as a software testing technique by which we can check the defects in software without actually executing it. Its counter-part is Dynamic Testing which checks an application when the code is run. Refer to this tutorial for a detailed difference between static and dynamic testing.
Static testing is done to avoid errors at an early stage of development as it is easier to find sources of failures then failures themselves.
Static testing helps to find errors that may not be found by Dynamic Testing.
The two main types of static testing techniques are
- Manual examinations: Manual examinations include analysis of code done manually, also known as REVIEWS.
- Automated analysis using tools: Automated analysis are basically static analysis which is done using tools.
In this tutorial, you will learn-
What is Testing Review?
A review in a Static Testing is a process or meeting conducted to find the potential defects in the design of any program. Another significance of review is that all the team members get to know about the progress of the project and sometimes the diversity of thoughts may result in excellent suggestions. Documents are directly examined by people and discrepancies are sorted out.
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Reviews can further be classified into four parts:
- Informal reviews
- Walkthroughs
- Technical review
- Inspections
During the Review process four types of participants that take part in testing are:
- Moderator: Performs entry check, follow up on rework, coaching team member, schedule the meeting.
- Author: Takes responsibility for fixing the defect found and improves the quality of the document
- Scribe: It does the logging of the defect during a review and attends the review meeting
- Reviewer: Check material for defects and inspects
- Manager: Decide on the execution of reviews and ensures the review process objectives are met.
Types of defects which can be easier to find during static testing are:
- Deviations from standards
- Non-maintainable code
- Design defects
- Missing requirements
- Inconsistent interface specifications
Usually, the defect discovered during static testing are due to security vulnerabilities, undeclared variables, boundary violations, syntax violations, inconsistent interface, etc.
Why Static Testing?
Static testing is performed due to the following reasons
- Early defect detection and correction
- Reduced development timescales
- Reduced testing cost and time
- For improvement of development productivity
- To get fewer defect at a later stage of testing
What is Tested in Static Testing
In Static Testing, following things are tested
- Unit Test Cases
- Business Requirements Document (BRD)
- Use Cases
- System/Functional Requirements
- Prototype
- Prototype Specification Document
- DB Fields Dictionary Spreadsheet
- Test Data
- Traceability Matrix Document
- User Manual/Training Guides/Documentation
- Test Plan Strategy Document/Test Cases
- Automation/Performance Test Scripts
How Static Testing is Performed
To perform Static Testing, it is done in the following ways,
- Carry out the inspection process to completely inspect the design of the application
- Use a checklist for each document under review to ensure all reviews are covered completely
The various activities for performing Static Testing are:
- Use Cases Requirements Validation: It validates that all the end-user actions are identified, as well as any input and output associated with them. The more detailed and thorough the use cases are, the more accurate and comprehensive the test cases can be.
- Functional Requirements Validation: It ensures that the Functional Requirements identify all necessary elements. It also looks at the database functionality, interface listings, and hardware, software, and network requirements.
- Architecture Review: All business level process like server locations, network diagrams, protocol definitions, load balancing, database accessibility, test equipment, etc.
- Prototype/Screen Mockup Validation: This stage includes validation of requirements and use cases.
- Field Dictionary Validation: Every field in the UI is defined well enough to create field level validation test cases. Fields are check for min/max length, list values, error messages, etc.
Static Testing Techniques
- Informal Reviews
- Walkthroughs
- Technical Reviews
- Inspections
- Static Analysis
- Data Flow
- Control Flow
Tools used for Static Testing
Various tools used for Static Testing are as follow,
Tips for Successful Static Testing Process
Some useful tips to perform a static testing process in Software Engineering. Micronta digital multimeter user manual 22-193.
- Focus only on things that really count
- Explicitly plan and track review activities. A software walkthrough and inspection are generally composite into peer's reviews
- Train participants with Examples
- Resolve people issues
- Keep process formal as the project culture
- Continuous Improvement – Process and Tools
- By removing the major delays in test execution, testing cost and time can be reduced
Summary:
- Static testing is to find defects as early as possible.
- Static testing not a substitute for dynamic testing, both find a different type of defects
- Reviews are an effective technique for Static Testing
- Reviews not only help to find defects but also understand missing requirements, design defects, non-maintainable code,
What is Manual testing?
Manual Testing is a type of Software Testing where Testers manually execute test cases without using any automation tools. Manual Testing is the most primitive of all testing types and helps find bugs in the software system.
Any new application must be manually tested before its testing can be automated. Manual Testing requires more effort but is necessary to check automation feasibility.
Manual Testing does not require knowledge of any testing tool.
One of the Software Testing Fundamental is '100% Automation is not possible'.
This makes Manual Testing imperative.
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Goal of Manual Testing
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The key concept of manual testing is to ensure that the application is error free and it is working in conformance to the specified functional requirements.
Test Suites or cases, are designed during the testing phase and should have 100% test coverage.
It also makes sure that reported defects are fixed by developers and re-testing has been performed by testers on the fixed defects.
Basically, this testing checks the quality of the system and delivers bug-free product to the customer.
Types of Manual Testing:
Below given diagram depicts Manual Testing Types. In fact, any type of software testing type can be executed both manually as well using an automation tool.
- Black Box Testing
- White Box Testing
- Unit Testing
- System Testing
- Integration Testing
- Acceptance Testing
How to perform Manual Testing
- Read and understand the software project documentation/guides. Also, study the Application Under Test (AUT) if available.
- Draft Test cases that cover all the requirements mentioned in the documentation.
- Review and baseline the test cases with Team Lead, Client (as applicable)
- Execute the test cases on the AUT
- Report bugs.
- Once bugs are fixed, again execute the failing test cases to verify they pass.
Myths of Manual Testing
Following are few common myths and facts related to testing:
Myth: Anyone can do manual testing
Fact: Testing requires many skill sets
Myth: Testing ensures 100% Defect free product
Fact: Testing attempts to find as many defects as possible. Identifying all possible defects is impossible.
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Myth: Automated testing is more powerful than manual testing
Fact Nesco st-24 electric steamer user manual. : 100% test automation cannot be done. Manual Testing is also essential.
Myth: Testing is easy
Fact: Testing can be extremely challenging. Testing an application for possible use cases with minimum test cases requires high analytical skills.
Manual Testing vs Automation Testing
Manual Testing | Automated Testing |
---|---|
Manual testing requires human intervention for test execution. | Automation Testing is use of tools to execute test cases |
Manual testing will require skilled labour, long time & will imply high costs. | Automation Testing saves time, cost and manpower. Once recorded, it's easier to run an automated test suite |
Any type of application can be tested manually, certain testing types like ad-hoc and monkey testing are more suited for manual execution. | Automated testing is recommended only for stable systems and is mostly used for Regression Testing |
Manual testing can become repetitive and boring. | The boring part of executing same test cases time and again is handled by automation software in Automation Testing. |
Tools to Automate Manual Testing
Conclusion
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Manual testing is an activity where the tester needs to be very patient, creative & open minded.
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They need to think and act with an End User perspective.